t — Sets the tempo.
This statement sets the tempo and specifies the accelerations and decelerations for the current section. This is done by converting beats into seconds.
p1 -- Must be zero.
p2 -- Initial tempo on beats per minute.
p3, p5, p7,... -- Times in beats (in non-decreasing order).
p4, p6, p8,... -- Tempi for the referenced beat times.
Time and Tempo-for-that-time are given as ordered couples that define points on a "tempo vs. time" graph. (The time-axis here is in beats so is not necessarily linear.) The beat-rate of a Section can be thought of as a movement from point to point on that graph: motion between two points of equal height signifies constant tempo, while motion between two points of unequal height will cause an accelarando or ritardando accordingly. The graph can contain discontinuities: two points given equal times but different tempi will cause an immediate tempo change.
Motion between different tempos over non-zero time is inverse linear. That is, an accelerando between two tempos M1 and M2 proceeds by linear interpolation of the single-beat durations from 60/M1 to 60/M2.
The first tempo given must be for beat 0.
A tempo, once assigned, will remain in effect from that time-point unless influenced by a succeeding tempo, i.e. the last specified tempo will be held to the end of the section.
A t statement applies only to the score section in which it appears. Only one t statement is meaningful in a section; it can be placed anywhere within that section. If a score section contains no t statement, then beats are interpreted as seconds (i.e. with an implicit t 0 60 statement).
N.B. If the CSound command includes a -t flag, the interpreted tempo of all score t statements will be overridden by the command-line tempo.
Here is an example of the t statement. It uses the file t.csd.
Example 1088. Example of the t statement.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform -odac ;;;realtime audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o t.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 0dbfs = 1 instr 1 aenv expseg .01, p3*0.25, 1, p3*0.75, 0.01 asig poscil3 .8*aenv, p4, 1 outs asig, asig endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> f 1 0 16384 10 1 ;sine wave t 0 240 12 30 15 240 ;start tempo = 240 i 1 0 2 110 ;tempo = 240 i 1 3 2 220 ;slow down & i 1 6 2 440 ;slow down & i 1 9 2 880 ;slow down & i 1 12 2 110 ;slow down to 30 at 12 seconds i 1 15 2 220 ;speed up to 240 again i 1 18 2 440 ;stay at tempo 240 i 1 21 2 880 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>