madsr — Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
ares madsr iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel] [, ireltim]
kres madsr iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel] [, ireltim]
iatt -- duration of attack phase
idec -- duration of decay
islev -- level for sustain phase
irel -- duration of release phase.
idel -- period of zero before the envelope starts
ireltim (optional, default=-1) -- Control release time after receiving a MIDI noteoff event. If less than zero, the longest release time given in the current instrument is used. If zero or more, the given value will be used for release time. Its default value is -1. (New in Csound 3.59 - not yet properly tested)
Please note that the release time cannot be longer than 32767/kr seconds.
The envelope is in the range 0 to 1 and may need to be scaled further. The envelope may be described as:
The length of the sustain is calculated from the length of the note. This means adsr is not suitable for use with MIDI events. The opcode madsr uses the linsegr mechanism, and so can be used in MIDI applications.
You can use other pre-made envelopes which start a release segment upon recieving a note off message, like linsegr and expsegr, or you can construct more complex envelopes using xtratim and release. Note that you don't need to use xtratim if you are using madsr, since the time is extended automatically.
Here is an example of the madsr opcode. It uses the file madsr.csd.
Example 245. Example of the madsr opcode.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform ; Audio out Audio in No messages -odac -iadc -d ;;;RT audio I/O ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o madsr.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> /* Written by Iain McCurdy */ ; Initialize the global variables. sr = 44100 kr = 441 ksmps = 100 nchnls = 1 ; Instrument #1. instr 1 ; Attack time. iattack = 0.5 ; Decay time. idecay = 0 ; Sustain level. isustain = 1 ; Release time. irelease = 0.5 aenv madsr iattack, idecay, isustain, irelease a1 oscili 10000, 440, 1 out a1*aenv endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> /* Written by Iain McCurdy */ ; Table #1, a sine wave. f 1 0 1024 10 1 ; Leave the score running for 6 seconds. f 0 6 ; Play Instrument #1 for two seconds. i 1 0 2 e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>