Description

Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in

In such cases three rules apply:

1. * and / bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as

with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.

2. + and − bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:

is taken as

3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:

is taken as

Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.

The operator % returns the value of a reduced by b, so that the result, in absolute value, is less than the absolute value of b, by repeated subtraction. This is the same as modulus function in integers. New in Csound version 3.50.

Syntax

a % b  (no rate restriction)

where the arguments a and b may be further expressions.

Arguments

The arguments of % can be scalar values or k-rate one dimensional arrays (vectors), or any combination. If one of the arguments is an array, so is the value.

Examples

Here is an example of the % operator. It uses the file modulus.csd.

<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac -Ma --midi-key=4 --midi-velocity-amp=5 -m0  ;;;realtime audio out and midi in
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o %.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs  = 1

giScale ftgen 1, 0, -12, -2, 0, -34, -7, 10, -14, 3, -21, -3, -27, -10, 7, -17	;12 note scale with detuned keys

instr 1

ikey	= p4
ivel	= p5
indx	= ikey % 12								;work on the twelftone scale
icent	tab_i indx, giScale							;load the scale
ifreqeq	= cpsmidinn(ikey)
ifreq	= ifreqeq * cent(icent)							;change frequency by cents from table
prints	"Key %d modulus 12 =  %d. ", ikey, indx
prints	"Equal-tempered frequency of this key  = %f,", ifreqeq
prints  " but here with cent deviation %d = %f%n", icent, ifreq
asig	vco2 ivel*.5, ifreq
	outs asig, asig

endin
</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>
f 0 60		;run for 60 seconds

e
</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

See Also

-, +, &&, ||, *, /, ^

Credits

Arithmetic on vectors is new in version 6.00