+ — Addition operator
Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), do-no-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in
a + b * c.
In such cases three rules apply:
1. * and / bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as
a + (b * c)
with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.
2. + and − bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:
a && b - c || d
is taken as
(a && (b - c)) || d
3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:
a - b - c
is taken as
(a - b) - c
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
+a (no rate restriction)
a + b (no rate restriction)
where the arguments a and b may be further expressions.
The arguments of + can be scalar values or k-rate one dimensional arrays (vectors), or any combination. If one of the arguments is an array, so is the value.
Here is an example of the + operator. It uses the file adds.csd.
Example 27. Example of the + operator.
See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.
<CsoundSynthesizer> <CsOptions> ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform -odac ;;;RT audio out ;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: ; -o adds.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </CsOptions> <CsInstruments> sr = 44100 ksmps = 32 nchnls = 2 0dbfs = 1 instr 1 ; add unipolar square to oscil kamp = p4 kcps = 1 itype = 3 klfo lfo kamp, kcps, itype printk2 klfo asig oscil 0.7, 440+klfo, 1 outs asig, asig endin </CsInstruments> <CsScore> ;sine wave. f 1 0 32768 10 1 i 1 0 2 1 ;adds 1 Hz to frequency i 1 + 2 10 ;adds 10 Hz to frequency i 1 + 2 220 ;adds 220 Hz to frequency e </CsScore> </CsoundSynthesizer>