Description

Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.

Syntax

ares adsr iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]

kres adsr iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]

Initialization

iatt -- duration of attack phase

idec -- duration of decay

islev -- level for sustain phase

irel -- duration of release phase

idel -- period of zero before the envelope starts

Performance

The envelope generated is the range 0 to 1 and may need to be scaled further, depending on the amplitude required. If using 0dbfs = 1, scaling down will probably be required since playing more than one note might result in clipping. If not using 0dbfs, scaling to a large amplitude (e.g. 32000) might be required.

The envelope may be described as:

Picture of an ADSR envelope.

The length of the sustain is calculated from the length of the note. This means adsr is not suitable for use with MIDI events. The opcode madsr uses the linsegr mechanism, and so can be used in MIDI applications.

adsr is new in Csound version 3.49.

Examples

Here is an example of the adsr opcode. It uses the file adsr.csd.

<CsoundSynthesizer>
<CsOptions>
; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
-odac     ;;;RT audio out
;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too
; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
; -o adsr.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
</CsOptions>
<CsInstruments>

sr = 44100
ksmps = 32
nchnls = 2
0dbfs = 1

instr 1

iatt  = p5
idec  = p6  
islev = p7
irel  = p8

kenv	adsr iatt, idec, islev, irel
kcps =  cpspch(p4) 	  ;frequency

asig	vco2  kenv * 0.8, kcps
	outs  asig, asig

endin

</CsInstruments>
<CsScore>

i 1  0  1  7.00  .0001  1  .01  .001 ; short attack
i 1  2  1  7.02  1  .5  .01  .001    ; long attack
i 1  4  2  6.09  .0001  1 .1  .7     ; long release

e

</CsScore>
</CsoundSynthesizer>

See Also

madsr, mxadsr, xadsr

Credits

Author: John ffitch

New in version 3.49